Cancer trials comprise a significant portion of all trials registered, highlighting the overrepresentation of cancer compared to global disease burden. The prevalence of cancer trials can be attributed to extensive pre-clinical research efforts and market forces driving pharmaceutical development, particularly in western countries. This research has enhanced our knowledge of extracellular molecules involved in tumor growth and the development of potential drug targets, such as humanized murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). While mAbs show promise in various conditions, their predominant use in cancer trials is expected to persist, with a shift towards non-cancer conditions for biological pharmaceuticals. The advancement of protein engineering has played a crucial role in designing drugs with enhanced pharmacological properties, leading to improved treatment outcomes in non-cancer conditions. The rise in FDA approval applications for biopharmaceuticals underscores the growing focus on pre-clinical and clinical research in this field.
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