Simian immunodeficiency virus, similar to human lentiviruses, faces innate antiviral restrictions from various factors like APOBEC proteins, TRIM proteins, tetherin, SAMHD1, and SERINC. SIV has evolved mechanisms to counteract these restrictions, with specific strains showing cross-species infection potential. Studies have highlighted the interactions between SIV and human cells, shedding light on the differences in viral restriction and permissiveness across cell types. SIV-based vectors have shown promise in gene therapy strategies, particularly in rhesus macaques, due to their resistance to certain restriction factors.
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