Recent advancements in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been revolutionized by the introduction of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). These biologics target specific cytokines and cellular components in the RA synovium, offering a promising approach to achieving remission in clinical, functional, and radiographic aspects of the disease. Early studies focused on mAbs targeting CD4, CD7, and CAMPATH-1H, showing varied effectiveness and safety profiles. However, in the past decade, mAbs directed against TNF-α, CD20-positive B cells, IL-1, and IL-6 have gained US FDA approval for RA treatment. While other biological agents like etanercept and abatacept are also approved, mAbs remain a prominent choice due to their monospecific nature and ability to precisely target disease-related molecules. The evolution of mAb therapy in RA reflects a significant shift towards personalized and targeted approaches in managing this chronic autoimmune condition.
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